Quoting munchingfoo from 03:07, 4th Sep 2008
If a religion believes in an event, for example "God created the heavens and the earth and made man in his own image", and we can disprove that event, by using evolution as evidence, then that religion is false.
Poor old Genesis seems to always take a bit of a battering in these types of threads but it is really an allegorical polemic against polytheism. That’s not to say it can be discounted because it does contain a series of interesting concepts which have found their expression in western culture.
I suppose the first part of that statement where God creates the heavens might be taken as a scientific statement, but this hasn’t actually been disproved as you state. Evolution shows that under the right conditions (i.e. a universe with the right set of physical constants) complex life forms can emerge from a common ancestor by the interaction of natural processes. It has nothing to say about ultimate causation or where these bio-phillic laws of nature have come from. When the universe was regarded as eternal, as it was in the early 20th century, these could simply be taken as brute facts but we now know this isn't the case.
I think it is wrong to see the concept of ‘the image of God’ as a scientific statement. Rather it is a concept that provided a powerful basis of unique human distinctiveness and dignity which generates for each individual moral claims on his or her fellows. Since evolution by natural selection has produced rather odd beings who have capacity for reason, free decision making and dominion over nature, this part of the passage is not unduly threatened, as Dawkins says ‘We, alone on earth, can rebel against the tyranny of the selfish replicators.’ He also suggested in his last TV program that although our acts of altruism and our sense of right and wrong are ‘mistakes’ created by anomalies in the evolutionary process, by-products of a so called ‘lust to be good’, they are worth sticking with.
In its biblical context the idea of the image of God, the ‘Imago Dei’ cannot refer to the physical nature of human bodies since we all look different and are divided into two sexes. It was been taken to refer to humanity’s rational structure - its capacity for deliberation and free decision-making and its dominion over the rest of nature. If you like, it is a value statement about the nature of humanity which finds its principle articulation in the life and teachings of ‘the Cosmic Zombie’. As Bertrand Russell said
‘As a result of Christian dogma, the distinction between moral and other merits has become much sharper now than it was in Greek times. It is a merit in a man to be a great poet or composer but not a moral merit; we do not consider him more virtuous for possessing such attitudes or more likely to go to heaven. Kant maintained that every human being is an end in himself and this may be taken as an expression of the view introduced by Christianity.’
This concept fed into the idea of natural rights which finds its most famous expression in the American Declaration of Independence, ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights’. One of the most influential exponents of this idea was John Locke who saturated his writings with Christian references and was heavily influenced by Richard Hooker, the Anglican theologian. However, the idea of natural roots did not even begin with the religious dissent of the 17th century. In fact historians such as Tierney have traced these ideals all the way back to Rufinus and Ricardus, to Huguccio and Alanus, and to their "obscure glosses" of the twelfth century. These writers based their ideals on the concept of the Imago Dei and the belief that people, as creatures of nature and God, should live their lives and organize their society on the basis of rules and precepts laid down by nature or God. This was the principle which emerged in Medieval canon law and the late scholastics before becoming a full blown political concept in the 18th century. It found perhaps its ultimate expression in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which its author wrote was ‘basically the Judeo Christian tradition without the tommyrot’ (although one also detects traces of the Buddhist tradition in the opening clauses). The Iranians accordingly refuse to ratify it because they see it as "a secular understanding of the Judeo-Christian tradition", which could not be implemented by Muslims without trespassing the Islamic law.
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