This is a rather long reply, be sure you are sitting comfortably.
Quoting Mr Comedy from 13:46, 15th Apr 2008
I think you are delusional. How exactly have you empirically tested that there is no God?
I can't see where the OP made that claim.
Also you state that every unbeliever is an atheist - I'd suggest the majority are
agnostics instead.
No doubt this is a semantics issue. The definition of athiest I use is "the lack of belief in gods or the supernatural". Consequentially I use the term "strong atheist" to describe those who
know there is no god. An atheist does not believe, which is not the same as knowing there is nothing to believe in. This is there agnosticism and atheism overlap since agnostics think that such a question is unknowable, but they also do not believe (though exceptions do exist).
In addition, it is wrong to assume as you have that atheism is some form of evolution to a higher plane that is free from the tyranny you associate with religion.
I agree, such a presumption on it's own is without merit. Though I do not see the OP making that claim. Indeed the wording chosen was "alternative", not "succesive".
The proclaimed atheistic regime under Pol Pot killed 1.1 million Cambodians, the Communist regime in Russia and the Ukraine not only killed millions, but actively persecuted, imprisoned and killed Christians, Jews and believers of other faiths for no other reason but the fact that they had a belief in God. I hate to reduce debates to this, but also the Nazi regime, which wasfiercely atheistic, also engaged in genocide.
The logic here is:
1. a, b and c were atheists.
2. a, b and c were bad.
3. so atheism is bad.
The majority of the major genocide events in the 20th Century were commited by atheistic regimes. I would suggest that recent history has proved that atheism is a far more pressing threat than religion.
I've heard this claim from so many apologists as well as the full blown creationtard morons so many times so it is worth a length reply. Someone who address this point marvelously is Christopher Hitchens, and I reprint his lengthy reply below:
[s]A little background first[/s].
The word "totalitarian" was probably first used by the dissident Marxist Victor Serge, who had become appalled by the harvest of Stalinism on the Soviet Union. It was popularised by the secular Jewish intellectual Hannah Arendt, who had fled the hell of the Third Reich and who wrote "The origins of Totalitarianism". It is a useful term, because it separates "ordinary" forms of despotism (those which merely exact obedience from their subjects) from the absolutist systems which demand that citizens become wholly subjects and surrender their private lives and personalities entirely to the state, or to the supreme leader.If we accept that latter definition, then the first point to be made is likewise an easy one. For most of human history, the idea of the total or absolute state was intimately bound up with religion. A Baron or King might compel you to pay taxes or serve in his army, and he would usually arrange to have priests on hand to remind you that this was your duty, but the truly frightening despotisms were those which also wanted the contents of your heart and your head. Whether we examine the oriental monarchies of China or India or Persia, or the empires of the Aztec or the Incas, or the medieval courts of Spain and Russia and France, it is almost unvaryingly that we find that these dictators were also gods, or the heads of churches. More than mere obedience was owed to them: any criticism of them was profane by definition, and millions of people lived and died in pure fear of a ruler who could select you for a sacrifice, or condemn you to eternal punishment, on a whim. The slightest infringement (of a holy day, or a holy object, or an ordinance about sex or food or caste) could bring calamity. The totalitarian principle, which is often represented as "systematic" is also closely bound up with caprice. The rules might change or be extended at any moment, and the rulers had the advantage of knowing that their subjects could never be sure if they were obeying the latest law or not. We now value the few exceptions from antiquity (sich as Periclean Athens with all it's deformaties) precisely because there were a few moments when humanity did not live in permanent terror of a Pharoah or Nebuchadnezzar or Darius whose least word was holy law.George Orwell, the ascetic unbeliever whose novels gave us an ineradicable picture of what life in a totatlitarian state might truly feel like, was in no doubt about this. "From the totatitarian point of view," he wrote in "The Prevention of Literatutre" in 1946, "history is something to be created rather than learned. A totalitarian state is in effect a theocracy, and its ruling caste, in order to keep its position, has to be thought of as infallible." You will notice that he wrote this in a year when, having fought for more than a decade against fascism, he was turning his guns even more on sympathisers of Communism.The urge to ban and censor books, silence dissenters, condemn outsiders, invade the private sphere and invokean exclusive salvation is the very essence of the totalitarian. The fatalism of Islam, which believes that all is arranged by Alaah in advance. has some points of resemblance in its utter denial of human autonomy and liberty, as well as its arrogant and insufferable belief that its faith already contains everything that anyone might ever need to know.
Thus, when the great antitotalitarian anthology of the twentieth century came to be published in 1950, its two editors realised that it could only have one possible name. They called it "The God That Failed".
The mordant analyst of the new religion was Betrand Russel;, whose atheism made him more far-seeing than many naive "Christian socialists" who claimed to detect in Russia the beginnings of a new paradise on Earth. He was also more far-seeing than the Anglican Christian establishment in his native England, whose newspaper of record the London Times took the view that the Russian Revolution could be explained by "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion". This revolting fabrication by Russian Orthodox secret policement was republished by Eyre and Spottiswoode, the official printers to the Church of England.
[s]And now onto the meat of his arguement[/s]
Given its own recored of succumbing to, and of promulgating, dictatorship on earth and absolute control in the life to come, how did religion confront the "secular" totalitarians of our time? One should first consider, in order, Fascism, Nazism, and Stalinism.
[s]Fascism[/s]
Arising out of the misery and humiliation of the first world war, fascist movements were in favour of the defense of traditional values against Bolshevism, and upheld nationalism and piety. It is probably not a coincidence that they arose first and most excitedly in Catholic countries, and it is certainly not a coincidence that the Catholic Church was generally sympathetic to fascism as an idea. Not only did the church regard communism as a lethal foe, but it also saw its old jewish enemy in the most senior ranks of Lenin's party. Benito Mussolini had barely seized power in Italy before the Vatican made an official treaty with him, known as the Lateran Pact of 1929. Under the terms of this ideal, Catholicism became the only recognised religion in Italy, with monopoly powers over matters such as birth, marriage, death, and education, and in return urged its followers to vote for Mussolini's party. Pope Pius XI described Il Duce as "a man sent by providence." Elections were not to be a feature of Italian life for very long, but the church nonetheless brought about the dissolution of lay Catholic centrist parties and helped sponsor a pseudoparty called "Catholic Action" which was emulated in several countries. Across southern Europe, the church was a reliable ally in the instatement of fascist regimes in Spain, Portugal, and Croatia. General Franco in Spain was allowed to call his incasion of the country, and the destruction of its elected republic, by the honorific title La Crujada, or "the crusade". In central and eastern europe the picture was hardly better. The extreme right-wing military coup in Hungray, led by Admiral Horthy, was warmly endorsed by the church, as were similar fascistic movements in Slovakia and Austria. (The nazi puppet regime in Slovakia was actually led by a man in holy orders named Father Tiso.) The cardinal of Austria proclaimed his enthusiasm at Hitler's takeover of his country at the time of the Anschluss.
In Ireland, the blue shirt movement of General O'Duffy (which sent volunteers to fight for Franco in Spain) was little more than a dependency of the Catholic Church. As late as April 1945, on the news of the death of Hitler, President Eamon de Valera put on his top hat, called for the stagecoach and went to the German embasssy in Dublin to offer his condolences. Attitudes like this meant that several Catholic-dominated states, from Ireland to spain to Portugal, were ineligible to join the United Nations when it was first founded. The church has made efforts to apologise for all this, but its complicity with fascism is an ineffaceble mark on its history, and was not a short-term or a hasty commitment so much as a working alliance which did not break down until after the fascist period itself passed into history.
[s]Nazism[/s]
The case of the church's surrender to German National Socialism is considerably more complicated but not very much more elevating. Despite sharing two important principles with Hitler's movement (those of anti-semitism and anti-Communism) the Vatican could see that Nazism represented a challenge to itself as well. In the first place, it was a quasi-pagan phenomenon which in the long run sought to replace christianity with pseudo-Nordic blood rites and the sinister race myths, based upon the fantasy of Ayran Superiority. In the second place, it advocated an exterminationist attitude to the unwell, the unfit, and the insane, and began quite early on to apply this policy not to Jews but to Germans. To the credit of the church, it must be said that its German pulpits denounced this hideous eugenic culling from a very early date.
The very
first diplomatic accord undetaken by Hitler's government was a treaty with the Vatican. In return for unchallenged control of the education of Catholic children in Germany, the dropping of Nazi propaganda against the abuses inflicted in Catholic schools and orphanges, and the concession of other privileges to the church, the Holy See instructed the Catholic Center Party to disband, and brusquely ordered Catholics to abstain from any political activity on any subject that the regime chose to define as off-limits. At the first meeting of his cabinet after this capitulation was signed, Hitler announced that these new circumstances would be "especially significant in the struggle against international Jewry". The twenty-three million Catholics living in the Third Reich, many of whom had shown great individual courage in
resisting the rise of Nazism, had been gutted and gelded as a political force. Their own infallible Holy Father had in effect told them to render everything unto the worst Caesar in human history. From then on, parish records were made available to the Nazi state in order to establish who was and who was not "racially pure" enough to survive endless persecution under the Nuremberg laws.
The Catholic heirarchy also ordered the annual celebration of Hitler's birthday on April 20. On this auspicious date, on papal instructions, the cardinals of Berlin regularly transmitted "warmest congratulations to the fuhrer in the name of the bishops and dioceses in Germany," these plaudits to be accompanied by "the fervant prayers which the Catholics of Germany are sending to heaven on their altars." The order was obeyed and carried out.
To be fair, this disgraceful tradition was not inaugurated until 1939, in which year there was a change of papacy. And to be fair again, Pope Pius XI had always harbored the most profound misgivings about the Hitler system and its evident capacity for radical evil. Pope Pius XII was succeeded to the office in February 1939. Four days after his election His Holiness composed the following letter to Berlin:
To the illustrious Herr Adolf Hitler, Fuhrer and Chancellor of the German Reich! Here at the beginning of Our Pontificate We wish to assure you that We remain devoted to the spiritual welfare of the German people entrusted to your leadership...During the many years We spent in Germany, We did all in Our power to establish harmonious relations between Church and State. Now the responsibilities of Our pastoral function have increase Our opportunities, how much more ardently so do We pray to reach that goal. May the prosperity of the German people and their progress in every domain come, with God's help, to fruition!Within six years of this evil and fatuous message, the once prosperous and civilised people of Germany could gaze around themselves and see hardly one brick piled upon another, as the godless Red Army swept towards Berlin. Catholics are supposed to hold that the pope is the vicar of Christ on earth, and the keeper of the keys of Saint Peter. They are of course free to believe this, and to believe that god decides when to end the tenure of one pope or (more importantly) to inaugurate the tenure of another. This would involve believing in the death of an anti-Nazi pope, and the accession of a pro-Nazi one, as a matter of divine will, a few months before Hitler's invasion of Poland and the opening of the second world war. Studying that war, one can perhaps accept that 25 percent of the SS were practising Catholics and the no Catholic was threatened with excommunication for participating in war crimes. (Joseph Goebbels was excommunicated, but that was earlier on, and he had after all brought it on himself for the offense of marrying a Protestant). Human beings and institutions are imperfectm to be sure. But there could be no clearer or more vivid proof that holy institutions are man-made.
Thus, those who invoke "secular" tyranny in contrast to religion are hoping we will forget two things: the connection between the Christian churches and fascism, and the capitulation of the churhces to national socialism.
[s]Stalinism[/s]
Lenin and Trotsky were certainly convinced atheists who believed that illusions in religion could be destroyed by acts of policy and that in the meantime the obscenely rich holdings of the church could be seized and nationalised. In the Bolshevik ranks, as among the Jacobins of 1789, there were also those who saw the revolution as a sort of alternative religion, with connections to myths of redemption and messianism. For Joseph Stalin, who had trained to be a priest in a seminary in Georgia, the whol thing was ultimately a question of power. "How many divisions," he famously and stupidly inquired, "has the pope?" (the true answer to his boorish sarcasm was, "more than you think.") Stalin then pedantically repeated the papal routine of making science conform to dogma, by insisting that the shaman and charlatan Trofim Lysenko had disclosed the key to genetics and promised extra harvests of specially inspired vegetables. (millions of innocents died of gnawing pain as a consequence of this "revelation".) This Caesar unto whom all things were dutifully rendered took care, as his regime became a more nationalist and statist one, to maintain at least a puppet church that could attach its traditional appeal to his. In a much neglected passage of Animal Farm, Orwell allowed Moses the raven, long the croaking advocate of a heaven beyond the skies, to return to the farm and preach to the more credulous creatures after Napoleon had vanquished Snowball. His analogy to Stalin's manipulation of the Russian Orthodox Church was, as ever, quite exact. (The postwar Polish Stalinists had recourse to much the same tactic, legalising a Catholic front organisation called Pax Christi and giving it seats in the Warsaw parliament, much to the delight of fellow-traveling Catholic Communists such as Graham Greene.) Antireligious propaganda in the Soviet Union was of the most banal materialistic sort: A shrine to Lenin often had stained glass while in the official museum of atheism there was testimony offered by a Russian astronaut, who had seen no god in outer space. This idiocy expressed at least as much contempt for the gullible yokels as any wonder-working icon.
A political scientist or anthropologist would have little difficulty in recognising what the editors and contributors of "The God That Failed" put into such immortal secular prose: Communist absolutists did not so much negate religion, in societies that they well understood were saturated with faith and superstition, as seek to
replace it. The solemn elevation of infallible leaders who were a source of endless bounty and blessing; the permanent search for heretics and schismatics; the mummification of dead leaders as icons and relics; the lurid show trials that elicited incredible confessions by means of torture...none of this was very difficult to interpret in traditional terms. Nor was the ceaseless invocation of a "Radiant Future", the arrival of which would one day justify all crimes and dissolve all petty doubts.There is nothing in modern secular arguement that even hints at any ban on religious observance. Sigmund Freud was quite correct to describe the relgious impulse, in "The Future of an Illusion", as essentially ineradicable until or unless the human species can conquer its fear of death and its tendency to wishful thinking. Neither contingency seems very probable.
All that the totalitarians have demonstrated is that the religious impulse, the need to worship, can take even more monstrous forms if it is repressed. This might not necessarily be a compliment to our worshipping tendency.
[s]the end, phew, this is me talking from here on[/s]
I would be interested to see someone argue that the secular nations of scandanvia will inevitably fall into tyranny because they are so intrinsically atheist (with upto 85% of Swedes and 70% of Norwegians being atheist/agnostic/non-religious).
Religion may be a 'fanciful notion', but I'm not sure it is. Definitely religion is much freer of moral bankruptcy that pervades atheism as the natural outworking of thinking based around there being no God and therefore no consequences of actions is to assume that moral code therefore should no longer apply, as it is at best a human-made construct to protect society from itself, but there is no need to live under it.
Atheism is not a thing to compare religion to. You do not compare your hair to someone who is bald. But to say that it takes religion to be moral is a very telling thing to admit to. Perhaps you are only good because you fear eternal punishment from your brand of supernatural patriarch? Is it not enough to be good for the sake of goodness? If the only reason you do not commit acts of evil is because you are afraid of what the all pervading CCTV judge, jury and executioner may think of you, then you truly are in need of help.
"A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death." - Albert Einstein, 1930
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